The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii genome and multi-omic analyses provide insights into biomineralization
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nacre, the iridescent material found in pearls and shells of molluscs, is formed through an extraordinary process of matrix-assisted biomineralization. Despite recent advances, many aspects of the biomineralization process and its evolutionary origin remain unknown. The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is a well-known master of biomineralization, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie its production of shells and pearls are not fully understood. We sequenced the highly polymorphic genome of the pearl oyster and conducted multi-omic and biochemical studies to probe nacre formation. We identified a large set of novel proteins participating in matrix-framework formation, many in expanded families, including components similar to that found in vertebrate bones such as collagen-related VWA-containing proteins, chondroitin sulfotransferases, and regulatory elements. Considering that there are only collagen-based matrices in vertebrate bones and chitin-based matrices in most invertebrate skeletons, the presence of both chitin and elements of collagen-based matrices in nacre suggests that elements of chitin- and collagen-based matrices have deep roots and might be part of an ancient biomineralizing matrix. Our results expand the current shell matrix-framework model and provide new insights into the evolution of diverse biomineralization systems.
منابع مشابه
A Homeodomain Transcription Factor Gene, PfMSX, Activates Expression of Pif Gene in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata
We reported pearl oyster Pinctada fucata cDNA and genomic characterization of a new homeobox-containing protein, PfMSX. The PfMSX gene encodes a transcription factor that was localized to the nucleus. Analyses of PfMSX mRNA in tissues and developmental stages showed high expressions in mantle or D-shaped larvae. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) PfMSX binded to MSX consensus bind...
متن کاملTranscriptome and biomineralization responses of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata to elevated CO2 and temperature.
Ocean acidification and global warming have been shown to significantly affect the physiological performances of marine calcifiers; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the transcriptome and biomineralization responses of Pinctada fucata to elevated CO2 (pH 7.8 and pH 7.5) and temperature (25 °C and 31 °C) are investigated. Increases in CO2 and temperature...
متن کاملMass mortalities associated with a virus disease in Japanese pearl oysters Pinctada fucata martensii
The annual mortality of cultured Japanese pearl oysters Pinctada fucata martensii in all western regions of Japan was over 400 million in both 1996 and 1997. The main pathological signs of the diseased oysters were atrophy in the adductor muscle, the mantle lobe and the body accompanied by a yellowish to brown coloration. Histological studies revealed necrosis and degeneration of muscle fibers ...
متن کاملDraft Genome of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata: A Platform for Understanding Bivalve Biology
The study of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is key to increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pearl biosynthesis and biology of bivalve molluscs. We sequenced ~1150-Mb genome at ~40-fold coverage using the Roche 454 GS-FLX and Illumina GAIIx sequencers. The sequences were assembled into contigs with N50 = 1.6 kb (total contig assembly reached to 1024 Mb) and scaff...
متن کاملGonadal changes and serum steriod levels during the annual reproductive cycle of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata gould
The annual reproductive cycle of peal oyster Pinctada fucata was characteised by documenting gonadal development and changes in serum levels of estradiol-17b (E2), testosterone (T) and progesterone (P) in the wild bivalve caught in natural beds in the Persian Gulf throughout the year. Bivalve populations employed in this study spawn in June-July and November-December. The pearl oysters had grou...
متن کامل